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Best 101 Free Computer Software For Your Daily Use

2010-03-15T04:39:00.000-07:00

Best 101 Free Computer Software For Your Daily Use

Posted by: Admin on March 15th, 2010

Good things in life do not necessarily cost you a bomb. Below I have compiled a list of the top

101 free computer software you can make use of.

Enjoy!

Office Suite

OpenOffice.org – OpenOffice.org is a viable alternative to Microsoft Office – even for professional use. It can do just about anything Office can.
AbiWord – A lightweight version of Microsoft Office. Simple, straightforward interface; easy to use.
Jarte – A word processor based on the Microsoft WordPad. It can be run directly from a USB flash drive.
Notepad++ – A free source code editor and Notepad replacement, which supports several programming languages, running under the MS Windows environment.
EditPad Lite – A general-purpose text editor, designed to be small and compact, yet offer all the functionality you expect from a basic text editor.

Security

avast! 4 Home Edition – A complete antivirus solution that is able to find computer viruses, create and check the integrity of programs installed, test executed programs and opened documents, to test and check email and other functions.
AVG Anti-Virus – A free security solution that is easy to use, has low system resources, automatic update functionality and ability to protect as files are opened and programs are run.
Comodo Firewall – A free firewall that constantly monitors and defends your PC from internet attacks. It is a fully functional product that comes with continual updates that are free forever!
McAfee SiteAdvisor – A plugin for Firefox and IE browser that shows safety rating as you browse the Web.
SpyCatcher Express – A free anti-spyware program that allows novice PC users to remove aggressive spyware, stops next-generation, mutating spyware, blocks reinstallation of aggressive spyware and removes spyware safely and automatically.
StartupMonitor – A small monitoring program that keeps a constant eye on your system’s startup entries. When ever a change is made, you will be notified and given a choice to either allow the change or not to change.
SuperStorm Freeware – This software allows you to hide your confidential files and folders in a wide variety of media files such as pictures, audio, video, executable programs among many other file types.
Windows Defender – A free program that helps protect your computer against pop-ups, slow performance, and security threats caused by spyware and other unwanted software.
HijackThis – A malware remove tool that makes a detailed log of what’s going on in your Registry and gives you the opportunity to remove things that might be suspect.
Zone Alarm – This software lets you block uninitiated and unwanted traffic, even while your PC is unattended or while you’re not using your connection.

Desktop management

Google desktop – A desktop search application that gives you easy access to information on your computer and from the web.
Yahoo Desktop – Yahoo Desktop enables you to search and instantly find information, preview it in its native format, and take action on it immediately.
TweakUI – This software reduces the Windows annoyance without having to meddle with the registry. It gives you access to system settings that are not exposed in the Windows XP default user interface, including mouse settings, Explorer settings, taskbar settings, and more.
Pretty run – A small program that can search your start menu, desktop or any other folder for shortcuts.
RoboForm – RoboForm memorizes and securely stores each user name and password the first time you log into a site, then automatically supplies them when you return.
AutoHotkey - This open-source utility can automate almost anything by sending keystrokes and mouse clicks. You can write macros by hand or use the macro recorder. You can also create hotkeys for keyboard, mouse, joystick, and handheld remote controls.
Keepass safe – A password manager which helps you to manage your passwords in a secure way. You can put all your passwords in one database, which is locked with one master key or a key-disk.
Clipomatic – A clipboard cache program that remembers what was copied to the clipboard and allows you to retrieve it, even after you’ve copied something else to the clipboard.

Browser

Firefox – Firefox includes tons of useful features such as tabbed browsing, built-in and customizable search bars, a built-in RSS reader and a huge library of extensions developed by thousand of developers.
Opera – Opera introduces Speed Dial which vastly improves navigation to your favorite sites. In addition, there’s Fraud protection, an anti-phishing detection keeps browsing safe and secure.
Crazy browser – A browser that allows users to collect tabs into groups and then load an entire group at once. This feature is very useful for research, as you can summon a set of related sites as needed, without manually opening each one.

Fun and Games

Banshee Screamer Alarm – A snoozeable alarm clock designed to wake you up. Play MP3s, execute programs, or shut down your computer at the time you set.
BZFlag – An online multiplayer cross-platform open source 3D tank battle game. It runs on Irix, Linux, BSD, Windows, Mac OS X, and many other platforms. It’s one of the most popular games ever on Silicon Graphics machines.
ConWare IconArt – An easy-to-use icon & cursor editor that allows your to design your own, edit previous icons, create cursors, capture icons from programs and DLL files or import an image for your icon.
Google Earth – Google Earth combines the power of Google Search with satellite imagery, maps, terrain and 3D buildings to put the world’s geographic information at your fingertips.
Tux Racer – Getting bored and sick of the Windows game? Tux Racer lets you take on the role of Tux the Linux Penguin as he races down steep, snow-covered mountains. Enter cups and compete to win the title!
ZSNES – A Nintendo emulator on your desktop. ZSNES is built to run on Windows, DOS, Linux and FreeBSD Unix and it is by far the best SNES emulator available.
Cartes du Ciel – A sky map that allows you to find out what constellations and planets are visible tonight.

Graphics Editing

GIMP – A complete image editing software with capabilities not found in any other free software product. It can be used as a simple paint program, an expert-quality photo-retouching program, a mass production image renderer, or an image-format converter.
Paint.net – A free image and photo editing software that features an intuitive and innovative user interface with support for layers, unlimited undo, special effects, and a wide variety of useful and powerful tools.
Google sketchup – A powerful yet easy-to-learn 3D software tool that combines a simple, yet robust tool-set with an intelligent drawing system that streamlines and simplifies 3D design.
IrfanView – A fast and compact image viewer/converter that is simple for beginners and powerful for professionals.

Video and Audio

Audacity – A complete recording and sound editing software that is available for Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows, GNU/Linux, and other operating systems.
Media Monkey – A music manager and jukebox for serious music collectors and iPod users. It offers an intelligent tag editor which looks up missing Album Art and track information via Freedb and the Web.
CDex – An application that records audio tracks from CDs and saves them to a disk as regular WAV files or as encoded sound files.
iTunes – One of the highest downloaded digital-jukebox software. Comes with the iTunes Music Store that offers music at 99-cents-per-song.
Winamp – A multimedia player that supports numerous audio and video formats. It also plays streamed video and audio content, both live and recorded, authored worldwide.
VLC – A highly portable multimedia player for various audio and video formats (MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, DivX, mp3, ogg, …) as well as DVDs, VCDs, and various streaming protocols.
QuickTime Alternative – This application let you play QuickTime or Real videos without Apple or Real’s bloated, in-your-face proprietary players.

PDF creator

PrimoPDF – A free tool for high-quality PDF creation, comprising a user-friendly interface that enables printing to PDF from virtually any Windows application.
PDF creator – A simple PDF creation tool for those who just want to skip the technical steps and produce a PDF file. If you know how to print, then you know how to use this software.
doPDF – Using doPDF, you can create searchable PDF files from virtually any application. You can search for text within the created PDF file, and search engines will also index the text from the PDF.

Virtual Server

VMware Server – VMware Server installs on any existing server hardware and partitions a physical server into multiple virtual machines by abstracting processor, memory, storage and networking resources, giving you greater hardware utilization and flexibility.
LogMeIn Hamachi – A VPN that allows you to access your home PC from work (or vice versa) as though you’re sitting right in front of it.
OpenVPN – OpenVPN is a tried and true VPN solution. It is totally secure and infinitely configurable. You can install and run this software without relying on a third party.

Instant Messaging

Windows Live messenger – The next generation MSN Messenger. It comes with everything that were already available in Messenger, and a new i’m Initiative that makes helping your favorite charity as easy as sending an instant message.
Pidgin – A multi-protocol Instant Messaging client that allows you to use all of your IM accounts at once. Pidgin can work with: AIM, Bonjour, Gadu-Gadu, Google Talk, ICQ, IRC, MSN, Yahoo!, MySpaceIM and many more.
Trillian – A fully featured, stand-alone, skinnable chat client that supports AIM, ICQ, MSN, Yahoo Messenger, and IRC.
Skype – A software that enables you to make free calls anywhere in the world.

Download manager

Download Accelerator Plus – A download manager that can enhance your download experience. Features include a search tab, security check for every site and application you download, more speed per connection, resume broken download and preview file when you download.
Internet download manager – A tool for increasing download speeds by up to 5 times, and for resuming, scheduling, and organizing downloads. The program will resume unfinished downloads due to network problems, or unexpected power outages.
Getright – As a download manager, GetRight supports BitTorrent downloads too. In addition, you can use GetRight to schedule your downloads for later; it can dial your modem (if needed), download the files you want, then hang up or even shut down your computer when it is done.
DownThemAll – A powerful yet easy-to-use Mozilla Firefox extension that adds new advanced download capabilities to your browser.
Flashgot – A Firefox extension that allows you to handle single and massive downloads using the external download managers of your choice.

File Management

Eraser – An advanced security tool for Windows that allows you to completely remove sensitive data from your hard drive by overwriting it several times with carefully selected patterns.
Restoration – An easy to use and straight forward tool to undelete files that were removed from the recycle bin or directly deleted from within Windows (we were able to recover photos from a Flash card that had been formatted).

Torrent Manager

Azureus – A popular torrent manager that allows you to install plug-in and tweak your own settings.
µTorrent – A very, very tiny BitTorrent client that packs enough features into that small package to compete with beefier applications like Azureus.
Bitcomet – A bit torrent manager that allows videos files to be previewed while they’re still being downloaded, and there’s a built-in chat tool that lets users chat with other peers in the swarm.

Backup Program

Cobian Backup – A multi-threaded program that can be used to schedule and backup your files and directories from their original location to other directories/drives in the same computer or other computer in your network.
Back4Win – A backup program that uses industry standard ZIP compression to ensures that your data will be accessible regardless of which PC operating system. Does not have 4Gb and 65535 file limit of other ZIP backup programs.
DriveImage XML – This software allows you to backup logical drives and partitions to image files, browse these images, view and extract files, restore these images to the same or a different drive and copy directly from drive to drive.
JaBackup – JaBackup allows advanced automation features. You can schedule backup tasks by the second or minute, or on a hourly, daily, weekly, or monthly basis.
Xdrive Desktop – Xdrive gives you 5GB of online storage space to store and backup your files. The Xdrive desktop software allows you to backup and synchronize your data with the web server with few mouse clicks.
Gmail Space – Use your Gmail account as storage by uploading and downloading files through a browser-based interface.

File Compression

7-zip – This software compresses files in new 7z format with LZMA compression. It supports multi formats, including 7z, ZIP, GZIP, BZIP2 and TAR, RAR, CAB, ISO, ARJ, LZH, CHM, Z, CPIO, RPM, DEB and NSIS.
Winzip – Using WinZip, you can quickly and easily compress and decompress files, folders, and entire folder trees to save storage space and reduce e-mail-transmission time, as well as encrypt and decrypt your sensitive documents.
AutoUnpack – This is designed to unpack your compressed file in a single quick step. You merely point to a folder containing your ZIP or RAR files and choose an output directory. Press one button to start a process that ends with your archive perfectly unpacked, or let the program automatically unpack that directory every set number of minutes.
ExtractNow – A simple program allows you to extract more than one archived file at a time, with one click of a button, making extracting files quicker and easier.

System Optimization and Diagnostic Tool

CCleaner – A system optimization and privacy tool that removes unused files from your system and allowing Windows to run faster and freeing up valuable hard disk space.
Security Process Explorer – An enhanced task manager, that provides advanced information about programs and processes running on the computer. It displays all the standard information, including file name, directory path, description, CPU usage etc. as well as a unique security risk rating.
CPU-Z – This mini software allows you to find out everything about your computer. You can find information such as processor name and vendor, core stepping and process, processor package, internal and external clocks, clock multiplier, partial overclock detection, and processor features including supported instructions sets.
EULAlyzer – This takes your EULA agreement and analyze it in seconds, and provide a detailed listing of potentially interesting words and phrases. Discover if the software you’re about to install displays pop-up ads, transmits personally identifiable information, uses unique identifiers to track you, or more. It is great for picking out privacy issues.
Process Explorer – An advanced process management utility that picks up where Task Manager leaves off. It will show you detailed information about a process including its icon, command-line, full image path, memory statistics, user account, security attributes, and more.
Auslogics Disk Defrag – This software was designed to remedy system sluggishness and crashes caused by disk fragmentation. It is fast, simple to easy and what’s more, it is effective.
SmartDefrag – SmartDefrag boasts a system checker that continually defrags the files that you use the most, and does it without becoming a persistent drag on your system resources. The “Install It and Forget It” feature works automatically and quietly in the background on your computer and it only eats up 14MB of RAM, so it’s possible to run it smoothly on older machines.
Local Cooling – Fight global warming from your desktop! Local Cooling automatically optimizes your PC’s power consumption by using a more effective power save mode.
Belarc Advisor – Belarc Advisor builds a detailed profile of your installed software and hardware and analyzes elements such as whether antivirus software is up to date, or whether all the security flaws in Windows have been patched.

Email Client

Thundrebird – Thunderbird makes e-mailing safer, faster, and easier than ever before with the industry’s best implementations of features, such as intelligent spam filters, a built-in RSS reader, and quick search.
Eudora – A robust e-mail client whose features include multiple address-book-formatting options and the ability to filter, redirect, and forward mail. It supports QuickTime- and HTML-enriched e-mail, letting you include stylized, formatted text and in-line graphics in your messages.
Opera Mail – Opera Mail is integrated with the Opera browser, and lets you send, receive, sort and search your e-mails quicker and easier than with conventional e-mail programs.
Sylpheed – A surprisingly versatile email client. ‘Surprisingly’ because it has a friendly, easy to use interface to its many useful features.
PopTray – The premier pop-up mail checker for standard POP3 and IMAP mail accounts, including Gmail, and it can be coaxed to work with HTML-only mail such as Hotmail by following the instructions at the PopTray site.

Photo Organizer

Google Picasa – A free software that helps you locate and organize all the photos on your computer, edit and add effects to your photos with a few simple clicks and share your photos with others through email, prints and on the web.
Xnview – A fast multi-format graphics browser, viewer, and converter. It has an Explorer-like browser that allows quick and simple browsing of directory contents.
FxFoto – This software provides a single tool for automatically organizing, enhancing, annotating, e-mailing, printing, uploading, and archiving your digital photos.
Adobe Photoshop Album Starter Edition 3.0 – This software makes it easy to find, fix, and share your digital photos. Instantly fix photo flaws in just a click or two.
Jalbum – A gallery software that makes web albums from your digital images.

Video Converter

Free FLV Converter – This free software let you search youTube and dailyMotion videos without opening your browser and you can even watch the videos using the built-in video player.
Free Video To iPhone Converter – Convert video files to Apple iPhone MP4 video format. Convert the whole movie or select a partition from the movie to convert (trim video).
Any Video Converter – An all-in-one video converting freeware with easy-to-use graphical interface, fast converting speed, and excellent video quality.
iPod Video Converter – Free iPod Video Converter provides an easy and completed way to convert all popular video formats to iPod video.

FTP client

Filezilla – A full-featured FTP client that supports Secure FTP, SSL, and other protocols in a slick interface, complete with a tree-structured site manager that lets you store settings for multiple sites.
SmartFTP – An FTP client which allows you to transfer files between your local computer and a server on the Internet. SmartFTP offers secure, reliable and efficient transfers that make it a powerful tool.
FireFTP – FireFTP turns your browser into an FTP client, with a two-pane file manager for uploading and downloading.

EyeCandy

Yahoo Widget – A small, specific applications that you can run on your Windows or Mac OS desktop. You can download tons of useful widget from the widget gallery.

Process Scanner – This application gives you a complete analysis of all the processes running on your PC, along with a risk analysis of each one.

Kaspersky Anti-Virus 2010 Portable | 45.6Mb

2010-01-28T04:50:00.001-08:00

Sent to you by Micheal via Google Reader:

Kaspersky Anti-Virus 2010 Portable | 45.6Mb

via Portable - Full Software Downloads - Download For All by rapidspark on 1/27/10

This new solution from Kaspersky Lab combines antivirus protection with a personal firewall and an anti-spam filter. Kaspersky Internet Security keeps your PC or Netbook free from malicious code, adware, spyware, hacker attacks, dialers, spam and network fraud.

Things you can do from here:

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Treatment For Sugar - Lady Finger

2010-01-28T03:34:00.000-08:00

Note- Try using the below solution only if u find good results just dropping your

daily

Diabetes dose may create more trouble , Higher sugar level's may impact

your heart and other body organs.

Please note that another name for Lady Finger (Bhindi ) is " OKRA ".

Last month in one of TV program I learnt of a treatment of Sugar (Diabetes). Since I am diabetic, I tried it and it was very useful and my Sugar is in control now. In fact I have already reduced my medicine.

Take two pieces of Lady Finger (Bhindi) and remove/cut both ends of each piece. Also put a small cut in the middle and put these two pieces in glass of water. Cover the glass and keep it at room temperature during night. Early morning, before breakfast simply remove two pieces of lady finger (bhindi) from the glass and drink that water.

Keep doing it on daily basis.

Within two weeks, you will see remarkable results in reduction of your SUGAR.

My sister has got rid of her diabetes.. She was on Insulin for a few years, but after taking the lady fingers every morning for a few months, she has stopped Insulin but continues to take the lady fingers every day. But she chops the lady fingers into fine pieces in the night, adds the water and drinks it all up the next morning. Please. try it as it will not do you any harm even if it does not do much good to you, but U have to keep taking it for a few months before U see results, as most cases might be chronic.

file formats in the world!

2010-01-25T05:22:00.001-08:00

Almost Every file format in the world!

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

ABK	Corel Draw AutoBackup
ACL	Corel Draw 6 keyboard accelerator
ACM	Used by Windows in the system directory
ACP	Microsoft Office Assistant Preview file
ACT	Microsoft Office Assistant Actor file
ACV	OS/2 drivers that compress and decompress audio data
AD	After Dark screensaver
ADB	Appointment database used by HP 100LX organizer
ADD	OS/2 adapter drivers used in the boot process
ADM	After Dark MultiModule screensaver
ADP	Used by FaxWorks to do setup for fax modem interaction
ADR	After Dark Randomizer screensaver
AFM	Adobe font metrics
AF2	ABC Flowchart file
AF3	ABC Flowchart file
AI	Adobe Illustrator drawing
AIF	Apple Mac AIFF sound
ALB	JASC Image Commander album
ALL	Arts & Letters Library
AMS	Velvert Studio music module (MOD) file
ANC	Canon Computer Pattern Maker file that is a selectable list of pattern colors
ANI	Animated Cursor
ANS	ANSI text
API	Application Program Interface file; used by Adobe Acrobat
APR	Lotus Approach 97 file
APS	Microsoft Visual C++ file
ARC	LH ARC (old version) compressed archive
ARJ	Robert Jung ARJ compressed archive
ART	Xara Studio drawing
ART	Canon Crayola art file
ASA	Microsoft Visual InterDev file
ASC	ASCII text
ASD	WinWord AutoSave
ASM	Assembler language source file
ASP	Active Server Page (an HTML file containing a Microsoft server-processed script)
ASP	Procomm Plus setup and connection script
AST	Claris Works "assistant" file
ATT	AT&T Group 4 bitmap
AVI	Microsoft Video for Windows movie
AWD	FaxView document

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

BAK	Backup file
BAS	BASIC code
BAT	Batch file
BFC	Windows 95 Briefcase document
BG	Backgammon for Windows game
BI	Binary file
BIF	GroupWise initialization file
BIN	Binary file
BK	Sometimes used to denote backup versions
BK$	Also sometimes used to denote backup versions
BKS	An IBM BookManager Read bookshelf
BMK	An A bookmark file
BMP	Windows or OS/2 bitmap
BM1	Apogee BioMenace data file
BRX	A file for browsing an index of multimedia options
BSP	Quake map
BS1	Apogee Blake Stone data file
BTM	Batch file used by Norton Utilities
B4	Helix Nuts and Bolts file

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

C	C code
CAB	Microsoft cabinet file (program files compressed for software distribution)
CAL	CALS Compressed Bitmap
CAL	Calendar schedule data
CAS	Comma-delimited ASCII file
CAT	IntelliCharge categorization file used by Quicken
CB	Microsoft clean boot file
CCB	Visual Basic Animated Button configuration
CCF	Multimedia Viewer configuration file used in OS/2
CCH	Corel Chart
CCM	Lotus CC:Mail "box" (for example, INBOX.CCM)
CDA	CD Audio Track
CDF	Microsoft Channel Definition Format file
CDI	Phillips Compact Disk Interactive format
CDR	Core Draw drawing
CDT	Corel Draw template
CDX	Corel Draw compressed drawing
CEL	CIMFast Event Language file
CFB	Comptons Multimedia file
CFG	Configuration file
CGI	Common Gateway Interface script file
CGM	Computer Graphics Metafile
CH	OS/2 configuration file
CHK	File fragments saved by Windows Disk Defragmenter or ScanDisk
CHP	Ventura Publisher chapter
CIL	Clip Gallery download package
CIM	Sim City 200 file
CIN	OS/2 change control file that tracks changes to an INI file
CK1	iD/Apogee Commander Keen 1 data file
CK2	iD/Apogee Commander Keen 2 data file
CK3	iD/Apogee Commander Keen 3 data file
CK4	iD/Apogee Commander Keen 4 data file
CK5	iD/Apogee Commander Keen 5 data file
CK6	iD/Apogee Commander Keen 6 data file
CLASS	Java class
CLP	Windows Clipboard file
CLS	Visual Basic Class Module
CMD	Command file for Windows NT (similar to a DOS .BAT file)
CMD	DOS CP/M command file
CMD	dBase-II program file
CMF	Corel Metafile
CMP	JPEG Bitmap
CMP	Address document
CMV	Corel Move animation
CMX	Corel Presentation Exchange image
CNF	Configuration file used by Telnet, Windows, and other applications
CNM	Windows application menu options and setup file
CNQ	Compuworks Design Shop file
CNT	Windows (or other) system content files for the help index and other purposes
COB	trueSpace2 object
COD	Microsoft C compiler output as displayable assembler with original C as comments
COM	Command file (program)
CPD	Fax Cover document
CPE	Fax Cover document
CPI	Microsoft MS-DOS code page information file
CPL	Control Panel extension
CPL	Corel colour palette
CPP	C++ code
CPR	Corel Presents Presentation
CPT	Corel Photo-Paint image
CPX	Corel Presentation Exchange Compressed drawing
CRD	Cardfile file
CRP	Corel Presents Run-Time Presentation
CRT	Certificate file
CSC	Corel Script
CSP	PC Emcee On-Screen image
CSV	Comma-separated values file
CT	Scitex CT Bitmap
CTL	Used in general to mean a file containing control information.
CUE	Microsoft Cue Cards data
CUR	Windows Cursor
CUT	Dr Halo bitmap
CV	Corel Versions archive
CV	Microsoft CodeView information screen
CWK	Claris Works data file
CWS	Claris Works template
CXX	C++ source code file

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

DAT	Data file
DAT	WordPerfect Merge Data
DBF	Aston-Tate dBASE database
DBX	DataBeam image
DCR	Shockwave file
DCS	Desktop Color Separation file
DCX	Fax image (based on PCX)
DDF	BTRIEVE database
DEF	SmartWare II data file
DEF	C++ Definition
DER	Certificate file
DIB	Device-Independent Bitmap
DIC	Dictionary
DIF	Data Interchange Format spreadsheet
DIR	Macromedia Director file
DIZ	Description file
DLG	C++ Dialogue Script
DLL	Dynamic-Link Library
DMF	X-Trakker music module (MOD) file
DOC	FrameMaker or FrameBuilder document
DOC	WordStar document
DOC	WordPerfect document
DOC	Microsoft Word document
DOT	Microsoft Word document Template
DPR	Borland Delphi project header file
DRV	Driver
DRW	Micrografx Designer/Draw
DSG	DooM saved game
DSM	Dynamic Studio music module (MOD) file
DSP	Microsoft Developer Studio project
DSQ	Corel QUERY file
DSW	Microsoft Developer Studio workspace
DWG	AutoCAD drawing eXchange format
DXF	AutoDesk Drawing Interchange format

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

EMF	Enhanced Windows Metafile
ENC	Encore file
EPS	Encapsulated PostScript image
ER1	ERWin file
ERX	ERWin file
EVY	Envoy document
EWL	Microsoft Encarta document
EXE	Executable file (program)

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

F	FORTRAN file
F77	FORTRAN file
F90	FORTRAN file
FAR	Farandole Composer music module (MOD) file
FAV	Microsoft Outlook navigation bar
FAX	FAX Type image
FH3	Aldus Freehand 3 drawing
FIF	Fractal image file
FITS	CCD camera image
FLC	AutoDesk FLIC animation
FLI	AutoDesk FLIC animation
FLT	Corel filter
FLT	StarTrekker music module (MOD) file
FMB	Oracle binary source code for form, version 4.0 and later
FMT	Oracle text format of form, version 4.0 and later
FMT	Microsoft Schedule+ print file
FMX	Oracle executable form, version 4.0 and later
FOG	Fontographer font
FON	System font
FOR	FORTRAN file
FOT	Font-related file
FP	FileMaker Pro file
FP1	Flying Pigs for Windows data file
FP3	FileMaker Pro file
FPX	FlashPix bitmap
FRM	Form
FRM	FrameMaker or FrameBuilder document
FRM	Oracle executable form version 3.0 and earlier
FRM	Visual Basic form
FRM	WordPerfect Merge form
FRX	Visual Basic form stash file

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

GAL	Corel Multimedia Manager album
GCP	Ground Control Point file used in image processing of remote sensing data .
GED	Graphic Environment Document (drawing)
GEM	GEM metafile
GEN	Ventura-Generated text file
GFC	Patton&Patton Flowcharting 4 flowchart file
GFI	Genigraphics Graphics Link presentation
GFX	Genigraphics Graphics Link presentation
GID	Windows 95 global index file (containing help status)
GIF	CompuServe bitmap
GIM	Genigraphics Graphics Link presentation
GIX	Genigraphics Graphics Link presentation
GNA	Genigraphics Graphics Link presentation
GNX	Genigraphics Graphics Link presentation
GRA	Microsoft Graph
GRD	Grid file, used in image processing of remote sensing data often to form map projections.
GRP	Program Manager Group
GTK	Graoumftracker (old) music module (MOD) file
GT2	Graoumftracker (new) music module (MOD) file
GWX	Genigraphics Graphics Link presentation
GWZ	Genigraphics Graphics Link presentation
GZ	Unix Gzip compressed file

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

H	C program header
HED	HighEdit document
HEL	Microsoft Hellbender saved game
HEX	Macintosh BinHex 2.0 file
HGL	HP Graphics Language drawing
HLP	Help file
HOG	Lucas Arts Dark Forces WAD file
HPJ	Visual Basic Help Project
HPP	C++ program header
HQX	Macintosh BinHex 4.0 file
HST	History file
HT	HyperTerminal
HTM	Hypertext document
HTML	Hypertext document
HTX	Extended HTML template

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

ICA	Citrix file
ICB	Targa bitmap
ICM	Image Color Matching profile file
ICO	Windows Icon
IDD	MIDI Instrument Definition
IDQ	Internet Data Query file
IFF	Amiga ILBM
IGF	Inset Systems metafile
IIF	QuickBooks for Windows interchange file
IMA	WinImage file
IMG	GEM image
INC	Assembler language or Active Server include file
INF	Information file
INI	Initialization file
INP	Oracle source code for form, version 3.0 and earlier
INS	InstallShield install script
INS	X-Internet sign-up file
ISO	Lists the files on a CD-ROM; based on the ISO 9660 CD-ROM file system standard
ISP	X-Internet sign-up file
ISU	InstallShield uninstall script
IT	Impulse Tracker music module (MOD) file
IW	Idlewild screensaver

J Top
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

JAR	Java ARchive file (a compressed file for applets and related files)
JAVA	Java source code
JBF	Paint Shop Pro image browser file
JFF	JPEG bitmap
JIF	JPEG bitmap
JMP	SAS JMPDiscovery chart-to-statistics file
JN1	Epic MegaGames Jill of the Jungle data file
JPEG	JPEG bitmap
JPG	JPEG bitmap
JS	JavaScript source code
JTF	JPEG bitmap

Top
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

KDC	Kodak Photo-Enhancer
KFX	KoFax Group 4 image
KYE	Kye game data

Top
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

LBM	Deluxe Paint bitmap
LDB	Microsoft Access lock file
LEG	Legacy document
LHA	Alternate file suffix for LZH
LIB	Library
LIS	Output file produced by a Structured Query Reporting (SQR) program
LOG	1. Log file
LOG	2. Log file used by pokerstars for errors in their poker software
LPD	Helix Nuts and Bolts file
LRC	Intel Video Phone file
LST	List file
LWO	Lightwave Object file
LWP	Lotus Wordpro 96/97 file
LZH	LH ARC compressed archive
LZS	Skyroads data file

Top
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

M3D	Corel Motion 3D animation
MAC	MacPaint image
MAD	Microsoft Access module
MAF	Microsoft Access Form
MAK	Visual Basic or MS Visual C++ Project
MAM	Microsoft Access Macro
MAP	Map file
MAP	Duke Nukem 3D WAD game file
MAQ	Microsoft Access Query
MAR	Microsoft Access Report
MAS	Lotus Freelance Graphics Smartmaster file
MAT	Microsoft Access Table
MAX	Paperport file
MAZ	Hover maze data
MB1	Apogee Monster Bash data file
MCC	Dialer10 calling card
MCS	MathCAD image
MCW	Microsoft Word for Macintosh document
MDA	Microsoft Access add-in
MDB	Microsoft Access database
MDE	Microsoft Access MDE file
MDL	Digital Tracker music module (MOD) file
MDL	Quake model file
MDN	Microsoft Access blank database template
MDW	Microsoft Access Workgroup
MDZ	Microsoft Access wizard template
MED	Music Editor, OctaMED music module (MOD) file
MER	Format for interchanging spreadsheet/database data; recognized by Filemaker, Excel, and others
MET	Presentation Manager metafile
MI	Miscellaneous
MIC	Microsoft Image Composer file
MID	MIDI music
MMF	Microsoft Mail File
MMM	Microsoft Multimedia Movie
MOD	FastTracker, StarTrekker, Noise Tracker (etc.) music module file
MOD	Microsoft Multiplan spreadsheet
MOV	QuickTime for Windows movie
MPE	MPEG animation
MPEG	MPEG animation
MPG	MPEG animation
MPP	Microsoft Project file
MPP	CAD drawing file format
MP3	MPEG Audio Layer 3 (AC3) file
MSG	Microsoft Mail message
MSN	Microsoft Network document
MSP	Microsoft Paint bitmap
MTM	MultiTracker music module (MOD) file
MUS	Music
MVB	Microsoft Multimedia Viewer file
MWP	Lotus Wordpro 97 Smartmaster file

Top
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

NAP	NAP Metafile
NCB	Microsoft Developer Studio file
NSF	Lotus Notes database
NST	Noise Tracker music module (MOD) file
NTF	Lotus Notes database template

Top
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

OBD	Microsoft Office binder template
OBD	Microsoft Office Binder
OBJ	Object file
OBZ	Microsoft Office Binder Wizard
OCX	Microsoft Object Linking and Embedding custom control
OFN	Microsoft Office FileNew file
OFT	Microsoft Outlook template
OKT	Oktalyzer music module (MOD) file
OLB	OLE Object Library
OLE	OLE object
OPT	Microsoft Developer Studio file
ORG	Lotus Organiser file
OR2	Lotus Organiser 2 file
OR3	Lotus Organiser 97 file

Top
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

P10	Tektronix Plot 10 drawing
PAB	Microsoft Personal Address Book
PAK	Quake WAD file
PAL	Windows colour palette
PAT	Corel Draw pattern
PBK	Microsoft Phonebook
PBM	Portable Bitmap
PCD	Kodak Photo-CD image
PCL	HP Laserjet bitmap
PCS	PICS animation
PCT	Macintosh PICT drawing
PCX	ZSoft PC Paintbrush bitmap
PDF	Adobe Acrobat Portable Document Format or Netware Printer Definition File
PDF	Package Definition File from Microsoft Systems Management Server
PDQ	Patton&Patton Flowcharting PDQ Lite file
PFA	Type 1 font (ASCII)
PFB	Type 1 font (binary)
PFC	PF Component
PFM	Printer Font Metrics
PGL	HP Plotter drawing
PGM	Portable Graymap (bitmap)
PIC	PC Paint bitmap
PIC	Lotus picture
PIC	Macintosh PICT drawing
PIF	Program Information File
PIF	IBM PIF drawing
PIG	Lucas Arts Dark Forces WAD file
PIN	Epic Pinball data file
PIN	Epic Pinball data file
PIX	Inset Systems bitmap
PJ	MKS Source Integrity file
PKG	Microsoft Developer Studio application extension (similar to a DLL file)
PL	Perl program
PLT	HPGL Plotter drawing
PLT	AutoCAD Plot drawing
PM5	Pagemaker 5.0 file
PM6	Pagemaker 6.0 file
P65	Pagemaker 6.5 file
PNG	Portable Network Graphics bitmap
PNG	Paint Shop Pro Browser catalogue
PNT	MacPaint graphic file
POT	Microsoft PowerPoint Template
PP4	Picture Publisher 4 bitmap
PPA	Microsoft PowerPoint Add-in
PPM	Portable Pixelmap bitmap
PPS	Microsoft PowerPoint slide show
PPT	Microsoft PowerPoint presentation
PRE	Lotus Freelance presentation
PRF	Windows system file
PRN	Print Table (space delimited text)
PRS	Harvard Graphics for Windows presentation
PRZ	Lotus Freelance Graphics 97 file
PS	Postscript Interpreted drawing
PSD	Adobe Photoshop bitmap
PST	Microsoft Outlook Personal Folder File
PTM	Polytracker music module (MOD) file
PUB	Ventura Publisher publication
PUB	Microsoft Publisher document
PWD	Microsoft Pocket Word document
PWZ	Microsoft PowerPoint Wizard
PXL	Microsoft Pocket Excel spreadsheet

Top
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

QAD	PF QuickArt Document
QBW	QuickBooks for Windows file
QDT	Quick Books data file from the Quicken UK Accountancy/Tax/Invoice program
QLB	Quick Library
QRY	Microsoft Query
QT	QuickTime Movie
QTM	QuickTime Movie
QXD	Quark XPress file

Top
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

R	Pegasus Mail resource file
RA	Real Audio sound
RAM	Real Audio sound
RAS	Sun Raster Images bitmap
RAW	Raw File Format (bitmap)
RC	Microsoft Visual C++ Resource Script
REC	Recorder macro
REG	Registration file
RES	Microsoft Visual C++ Resource
RFT	RFT-DCA
RLE	Run-Length Encoded bitmap
RM	Real Audio video file
RMI	MIDI music
ROV	Rescue Rover data file
RPT	Microsoft Visual Basic Crystal Reports file
RTF	Rich Text Format document
RTM	Real Tracker music module (MOD) file

Top
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

SAM	Ami Professional document
SAV	Saved game file
SCC	Microsoft Source Safe file
SCD	Matrix/Imapro SCODL slide image
SCD	Microsoft Schedule+ 7
SCH	Microsoft Schedule+ 1
SCN	trueSpace2 scene
SCP	Dial-Up Networking Script
SCR	Windows screensaver
SCR	Fax image
SCT	Scitex CT bitmap
SC2	Microsoft Schedule+ 7
SDL	SmartDraw library
SDR	SmartDraw drawing
SDT	SmartDraw template
SEA	Self-expanding archive (used by Stuffit for Mac files and possibly by others)
SEP	Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) bitmap
SHB	Corel Show presentation
SHB	Document shortcut file
SHG	Hotspot bitmap
SHS	Shell scrap file
SHW	Corel Show presentation
SIT	Stuffit archive of Mac files
SLK	Symbolic Link (SYLK) spreadsheet
SND	NeXT sound
SND	Mac Sound Resource
SQC	Structured Query Language (SQR) common code file
SQR	Structured Query Language (SQR) program file
STM	Scream Tracker music module (MOD) file
STY	Ventura Publisher style sheet
SVX	Amiga 8SVX sound
SYS	System file
S3M	Scream Tracker 3 music module (MOD) file

Top
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

TAR	Tape Archive
TAZ	Unix Gzip/Tape Archive
TEX	Texture file
TGA	Targa bitmap
TGZ	Unix Gzip/Tape Archive
THEME	Windows 95 Desktop Theme
THN	Graphics Workshop for Windows thumbnail
TIF	Tag Image File Format (TIFF) bitmap
TIFF	Tag Image File Format (TIFF) bitmap
TIG	Tiger file, used by US government to distribute maps
TLB	OLE Type Library
TMP	Windows temporary file
TRM	Terminal file
TRN	MKS Source Integrity project usage log
TTF	TrueType font
TWF	TabWorks file
TWW	Tagwrite Template
TX8	MS-DOS Text
TXT	Text
T2T	Sonata CAD modelling software file

Top
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

UDF	Windows NT Uniqueness Database File
ULT	Ultratracker music module (MOD) file
URL	Internet shortcut
USE	MKS Source Integrity file

Top
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

VBP	Visual Basic Project
VBW	Microsoft Visual Basic workspace
VBX	Visual Basic custom control
VCF	Vevi Configuration File; defines objects for use with Sense8's WorldToolKit
VDA	Targa bitmap
VI	Virtual Instrument file from National Instruments LABView product
VLB	Corel Ventura Library
VOC	Creative Labs Sound Blaster sound
VP	Ventura Publisher publication
VSD	Visio drawing (flow chart or schematic)
VST	Targa bitmap
VSW	Visio Workspace file
VXD	Microsoft Windows virtual device driver

Top
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

WAD	Large file for Doom game containing video, player level, and other information
WAV	Windows Waveform sound
WB1	QuattroPro for Windows spreadsheet
WB2	QuattroPro for Windows spreadsheet
WBK	Microsoft Word Backup
WBL	Argo WebLoad II upload file
WCM	WordPerfect Macro
WDB	Microsoft Works database
WEB	CorelXara Web document
WGP	Wild Board Games data file
WID	Ventura width table
WIL	WinImage file
WIZ	Microsoft Word Wizard
WK1	Lotus 123 versions 1 & 2 spreadsheet
WK3	Lotus 123 version 3 spreadsheet
WK4	Lotus 123 version 4 spreadsheet
WKS	Lotus 123 Worksheet spreadsheet
WKS	Microsoft Works document
WLF	Argo WebLoad I upload file
WLL	Microsoft Word Add-In
WMF	Windows Metafile
WOW	Grave Composer music module (MOD) file
WP	WordPerfect document
WPW	Novel PerfectWorks document
WP4	WordPerfect 4 document
WP5	WordPerfect 5 document
WP6	WordPerfect 6 document
WPD	WordPerfect Demo
WPD	WordPerfect Document
WPG	WordPerfect Graphic
WPS	Microsoft Works document
WPT	WordPerfect Template
WQ1	QuattroPro/DOS spreadsheet
WQ2	QuattroPro/DOS version 5 spreadsheet
WRI	Write document
WRL	Virtual Reality model
WS1	WordStar for Windows 1 document
WS2	WordStar for Windows 2 document
WS3	WordStar for Windows 3 document
WS4	WordStar for Windows 4 document
WS5	WordStar for Windows 5 document
WS6	WordStar for Windows 6 document
WS7	WordStar for Windows 7 document
WSD	WordStar 2000 document
WVL	Wavelet Compressed Bitmap

Top
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

XAR	Corel Xara drawing
XLA	Microsoft Excel add-in
XLB	Microsoft Excel toolbar
XLC	Microsoft Excel chart
XLD	Microsoft Excel dialogue
XLK	Microsoft Excel backup
XLM	Microsoft Excel macro
XLS	Microsoft Excel worksheet
XLT	Microsoft Excel template
XLV	Microsoft Excel VBA module
XLW	Microsoft Excel workbook / workspace
XM	FastTracker 2, Digital Tracker music module (MOD) file
XR1	Epic MegaGames Xargon data file
XTP	XTree data file
XY3	XYWrite III document
XY4	XYWrite IV document
XYP	XYWrite III Plus document
XYW	XYWrite for Windows 4.0 document

Top
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

YAL	Arts & Letters clipart library
YBK	Microsoft Encarta Yearbook

Z Top
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

Z	Unix Gzip
ZIP	Zip file
ZOO	An early compressed file format

Numbers and symbols

Top
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z No#

000-999	Used to number old versions of files and number related data files
12M	Lotus 123 97 Smartmaster file
123	Lotus 123 97 file
2GR and 3GR	VGA Graphics driver/configuration files under Windows
386	A file for use in an 80386 or higher microprocessor
669	Composer 669, Unis Composer music mod file
#01 and higher	A method of numbering picture files for a roll of film that has been scanned
$$$	Used by OS/2 to keep track of archived files
@@@	Screen files used in the installation and instruction on use of applications

--

"It's better to be defeated on Principles than to win on lies."

WATCH TV ON YOUR PC FOR FREE!!!!!

2010-01-25T04:48:00.001-08:00

150+ Best Genuine Resources For Watching TV On Your PC

Accept it, if you are a typical computer geek, you hardly watch TV.
Alright, guess what? You are missing a huge part of entertainment. Just
for you (Mr. PC geek), we have recommendation of PC TV. You can watch live
TV of course right from your computer. In other case you might be missing
some of your international TV shows or matches which do not show at TV in
your country. Have these softwares and watch any program live easily.

Media Players Settings
You might want to set Media Player and Real Player options accordingly:
e.g. Set the Buffer rate up to 30 seconds from options.
File Formats And Players
mms:// and .asx will open in windows media player.
rtsp:// and .rm or .ram will open in real player.
PC TV Software, Resources & Links
http://www.sopcast.org/

http://www.pplive.com/en/

http://www.onlystreaming.com/

http://www.tv-nation.com/

http://www.tvlinkvault.com

http://www.thephoenixproject.co.uk/

http://piggymoo.com/

http://www.findtvlinks.com/

http://allsp.com/

http://www.myturn.tvheaven.com/

http://www.tv-links.cc/

http://peekvid.com/

http://testcard.tv/watch-live-tv

http://www.ppstream.com/ - For slow internet connection.
http://www.dontwatchme.com/

http://www.showstash.com/

http://moviedump.org/

http://www.myfaveps.co.nr/

http://alloftv.net/

http://watch0nline.info/

http://videolemon.com/

http://www15.alluc.org/alluc/

http://cinecast.us/

http://www.phimsg.com/

http://davidmovie.com/

http://www.boxsweeper.com/

http://www.ngtv.com/

http://tv-nation.com/

http://movies.eyebum.com/

http://allfuturama.com/

http://www.floors4u.net/

http://www.alltimetv.com/ (Indian TV Channels)
http://www.openhulu.com/

ttp://streamingtvepisodes.com/
http://www.televee.com/

http://wwitv.com/

http://tvunetworks.com

http://www.movierumor.com/

http://www.blinkx.com/

http://www.smashingtelly.com/

http://movieforumz.com/

http://dynamic.abc.go.com/streaming/landing

http://www.dailymotionmusic.com/

http://www.veoh.com/

http://www.anytvplayer.com

http://www.movie-pro.com/

http://www.piggymoo.com/

http://wetbroadcast.com/

http://www.24world.tv/

http://wheeya.com

http://www.dontwatchme.com/

http://ummyeah.com/channels

http://moviealien.com/

http://www.stage6.com/

http://mytheater.org/

http://www.flickthat.com/

http://movies.nabolister.com/

http://www.channelchooser.com/

http://online-television.tv/

http://www.peekvid.com/

http://www.watch-movies.net/

http://indexu.org/

http://flickpeek.com

http://www.freetvsearch.com/

http://www.coolstreaming.us

http://tvunderground.org.ru/

http://tv-video.net/

http://tv-video.net/

http://www.videolemon.com

http://quicksilverscreen.com/

http://www.divxcrawler.com/

http://www.joost.com/

http://www.movies-on-demand.tv/

http://www.movienetx.com/

http://www.babelgum.com/

http://www.rapetheweb.com/cartoons/

http://www.blinkbox.com/

http://tvlinks.voodeedoo.org/

http://www.greatstufftv.com

http://networkoneaustralia.tk/

http://teevee4me.com

http://www.episodenetwork.com/

http://tv.qq.com/download.htm

http://www.findago.com/series/

http://iptvtome.com/

http://66stage.com/

http://football4less.com/streams/coolstreaming.html

http://freetvlinks.net/

http://dailymotionepisodes.com/

http://all-fg.com/

http://dodigg.com/media/movies.html

http://www.live-online-tv.com/

http://www.veoh.com/

http://showstash.com

http://www.weeteevee.com/

http://www.craftytv.com

http://pullmylink.com/

http://alkaos.com/

http://www.vdo4free.com/

http://www.zendurl.com

http://www.teevee4me.com/

http://www.itv.com/

http://www.onlinemoviestream.tk/

http://movie6.net/

http://www.tv-links.co.uk/

http://www.bored.com/watchfilms/

http://www.surfthechannel.com/

http://www.ovguide.com/

http://moviesdesk.com/

http://www.freemoviescinema.com/

http://www.youtvpc.com/

http://www.tv-streams.net/

http://www.xvid.ro/filme.html

http://www.tubezoom.com/

http://freetube.us.tc/

http://www.yourtvlinks.com/

http://www.wwitv.com/

http://www.tvants.com/

http://wwitv.com/

http://www.streamick.com/index.php

http://www.joox.net/

http://beeline.tv/

http://www.alluc.org/

http://www.freetubetv.net/

http://www.guba.com/

http://www.yourtvlinks.com/

http://www.tv-links.co.uk/

http://go4ent.com/Movies/index.php

http://www.lordoftv.com/

http://channelchooser.com

http://grab-videos.com/

http://streamingtvepisodes.com/

http://www.sidereel.com

http://www.chooseandwatch.com/

http://www.moviemann.org

http://www.free-tv-video-online.info/

http://www.myspace.com/fox

http://www.watchmoviez.com

http://www.streamshack.uk.tt/

http://emuduel.com

http://www.watchtvsitcoms.com

http://www.tv-earth.com/

http://www.streamick.com/

http://www.chooseandwatch.com

http://www.download-tv-now.com/

http://www.divxtube.ca/divx/

http://www.joost.com/

http://zattoo.com/

http://www.siblu.ca/

http://two-movies.com/

http://www.streamscreen.org/

The Simpsons Stream Sites
http://simpsonseps.com/

http://www.simpsonsfree.com

http://www.watchtvsitcoms.com/simpsons.php

Family Guy Stream Sites
http://www.watchfamilyguy.net/

http://www.familyguyx.net/

http://www.familyparkworld.com/

Lost Stream Site
http://www.lostcrazy.com/

http://www.viewlost.com/

Heroes Stream Site
http://www.heroescrazy.com/

South Park Stream Sites
http://www.allsp.com/

http://www.stansdad.com/

http://allabout-sp.net/

http://www.southparkx.net/

http://southparkzone.com/

Prison Break Stream Sites
http://www.prisonbreakcrazy.com

http://www.prisonbreakaddict.com

http://prisonbreakforum.info

http://www.watchprisonbreak.org/

Cartoon Network
http://cnonline.iifree.net/

Wrestling Stream Sites
http://www.evolutionwrestling.piczo.com/

http://www.dailymotion.com/

http://hardcoretv.info/cat/37.html

Best Artist

2010-01-23T05:59:00.000-08:00

SUBHAN ALLAH

"ALLAH''the great artist

Basic Network Info

2010-01-23T05:44:00.001-08:00

The least you need to know about

Computer Networks

Share information. This can be messages such as e-mail, or it can be files that are stored on one computer and used by someone at a different computer.
Share resources. A printer that can be accessed from different computer systems is a shared resource. So is an Internet connection used by more than one computer.
Centralized control. In most offices, the management determines what the computers may be used for and what kind of resources and support they need. This is much easier to deal with if the computers are connected.

Types of Networks

Just as there is no limit to the number of systems in a network, there is also no limit to the geographical size of a network. As a practical matter though, there are some structural differences between a network of computers all in the same room, and a network connecting computers in Los Angeles to ones in Sydney Australia.

The most common network includes computers that are close together, usually in the same building or office. This is called a Local Area Network, abbreviated LAN.

The computers in a LAN are usually connected with cable made up of pairs of wires, but faster (and more expensive) cables are made from glass fibers, called fiber optic cable. A network may even use radio waves, in which case it is a wireless LAN.

When the computers being connected are far apart, typically in different cities, it is called a WAN or Wide Area Network. The connection is usually done with special high-speed lines leased from the phone company, but it is also possible to connect over an ordinary phone line using a device called a modem. It’s slow, but possible. Accessing a network through a phone line and modem is called a dial-up connection.

The biggest of all networks is the Internet. The backbone of the Internet consists of powerful computers all over the world with high-speed connections between them. Individual computers such as yours then connect to this backbone through an Internet Service Provider or ISP.

Ethernet

Most LANs in existence today use a technology called Ethernet. In an Ethernet network, every piece of information put on the network is seen by every other computer on the network, and each computer must determine if that information is meant for itself.

To make this work, before the information goes out on the network it is first broken up into small pieces called packets, and each packet has added to it the address of the computer that should receive it. The part of the packet containing the address is called the header.

Header

Packet diagram

Then, each computer looks at the address on each packet that comes by on the network cable, and copies the ones that have the right address. The computer that sent the packet is called the source, and the one that is supposed to receive it is called the destination.

Network Connections

When a packet comes out of the computer that originated it, that packet must have a complete electrical path to every other computer. The simplest way to do this is to have a cable that goes from one computer to the next until it has connected to each one. This is called a bus network.

Bus Network

A bus network is the simplest to explain and draw, but it’s not often the simplest one to use, especially if computers are distributed around various offices in a building, and then get added, taken away, moved around and so forth.

A much more practical way to connect more than a couple of systems is to connect each one to a device called a hub. Each system has a cable that goes from it to the hub, and inside the hub an electrical connection is made between all of the cables. Each place where a cable plugs into the hub is called a port.

5-port hub ports

To create larger networks, hubs can use one or more of their connections to connect to other hubs. This is called a star network, but as far as the electrical signals are concerned, they go from one computer to every other computer, no different than the bus network.

3-hub star network

When networks get really big, with 100s of systems or more, it’s no longer such a good idea to have each computer look at every packet, because almost none of the packets will be for that computer. The large network can be broken up into smaller groups called subnets, and these are connected with a device called a data switch, or just a switch.

Within each subnet, all of the computers still see every packet, and so does the switch. Normally the switch won’t pass those packets on to the other subnets, but if the packet has an address for a destination in another subnet, the switch will pass the packet to the port for that subnet. All of the systems in that subnet will then see the packet, including the system it is actually addressed to. In order to know where to send a packet, the switch must have a table of addresses for each subnet.

Switch with 4 subnets

The simplest form of a switch is called a bridge, and it connects just two subnets. A bridge only needs two ports then, one for each of the subnets.

Sometimes a network will be so big and complex that one switch isn’t enough to connect all of the subnets. In that case the subnet receiving a packet might be connected to a different switch than the subnet where the packet started. This is a more complicated problem, because the switch would need to know not only the packet’s destination, but also where to send it next to make sure it got there.

For this, a smarter device is needed, called a router. The router needs to know not only the subnet addresses, but also the best path, or route, to get from one to another.

Route path diagram

One place where routers are used in a big way is the Internet. If you send a message on the Internet, it might go through many routers before it reaches its destination. And when you surf to a website, all of the graphics and text showing up on your screen had to go through routers to find their way from the web site to your computer.

By the way, every LAN that connects to the Internet becomes a subnet of the Internet, even if it has its own internal subnets.

Clients and Servers

In addition to the various ways networked systems can be physically connected, there are two basic ways that network activities can be arranged. In one, all of the computers have equal status. This is called peer-to-peer, because a peer means someone (or something) that is the equal of another. Peer-to-peer is used mostly in very small networks of less than a dozen systems.

The more common arrangement is called client-server. One system, called the server, is responsible for a particular activity or resource. The other systems are called clients, and they go through the server when they want to use the function or resource that the server is responsible for.

Some of the things servers are commonly used for include network administration, e-mail, printers, file storage, and Internet access. Often several of these functions will be combined into one machine. There is no rule that says a network server and a print server can’t be the same system.

Clients Server

print server

There is also no rule that says a server must serve the entire network. It is usually convenient to have a separate network server for each subnet. There are other divisions that can occur even within a subnet. Computers that need to share the same resources can be organized into workgroups. With the Windows NT operating system, the LAN can be divided into sections called domains, and each domain needs its own server called a domain controller.

Protocols

A protocol is an agreed-upon standard for how something will be done. When your mother taught you to chew with your mouth closed and keep your elbows off the table, that was a protocol for proper dining. Computer protocols are the rules for connecting with other computers and exchanging information with them.

Ethernet is a protocol. Earlier we called it a technology, but it is also a set of rules for how that technology is used. If each piece of hardware and software complies with the rules, then information can be correctly transferred from one from one system to another in a LAN.

There are many protocols used in networking. There are some protocols that are used together with other protocols, where each one takes care of different aspects of networking. Sometimes two protocols do the same thing in different ways, and it is necessary to choose one or the other. The important thing is that both systems trying to communicate with each other have matching protocols that they can use.

TCP/IP

One very important set of protocols is called TCP/IP. It is important because it is what the creators of the Internet decided would be used for that particular network, which means that any computer that wants to connect to the Internet must also use TCP/IP. TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol.

TCP/IP is actually in two parts. The TCP portion covers the agreements between systems about how they will carry on their ‘conversation’, and the IP portion deals with addressing the packets and routing them.

The TCP part all happens in the background and we don’t really need to concern ourselves with it under normal circumstances. However, in a network that uses TCP/IP, every system must have a unique IP address, and that is something that requires human intervention in one way or another.

IP Addresses

An IP address is made up of four sets of numbers separated by periods. An example is:

192.168.42.122

Each of these sets of numbers is called an octet, because they started out as 8-digit binary numbers. By changing them into 3-digit decimal numbers, the whole address is shorter and easier to remember. The highest value for any octet is 255, because the highest number you can make with eight binary digits is equal to 255 in decimal.

In most networks, the first three octets are the same for all systems, and the last octet is different for every machine. If there are more than 255 computers in a network, it is usually divided into smaller subnets.

Static or Dynamic?

There are two ways to associate a unique IP address to a specific computer. One way is for the administrator to assign a number, which stays the same unless somebody decides to change it some day. That number is then a static IP address.

The other way is to assign a group of addresses to a server, and let the server hand them out as needed to any system that wants to communicate on the network. This produces a dynamic IP address. It is sometimes important to know which method is in use on a network, because with dynamic addressing, the IP address of a machine may be different each time you try to communicate with it.

Computer Names

The example address 192.168.42.122 is only one digit longer than a phone number with area code, but that’s plenty long enough to give most of us a hard time. It’s much easier for people to remember a name instead of a number, and for this reason computers in a network are also given a unique name. It may be something mundane like Sales14, but at least it’s a name and not a number.

This is not only easier to remember, but it solves the problem of a dynamic address that changes all the time, because the computer name doesn’t normally change. It does create another problem though, because the computers use only the addresses and not the names to keep track of each other. Fortunately there is a part of the TCP/IP protocol called address resolution, and it matches up the names and addresses so things keep rolling smoothly along.

Security

The problem with connecting computers to the Internet is that they are then sharing a network with many other computers from all over the world, and the users of some of those other computers are not such nice folks. Protecting the network and the information on it is one of the most important parts of a network administrator’s job.

Encryption

One way to protect information is to scramble it so that it appears to be gibberish unless someone has the right ‘key’ to unscramble it. Scrambling it is called encryption, and unscrambling it is called decryption. There are many ways to encrypt information, and of course just as many keys to decrypt it.

Encrypting and decrypting information slows things down a bit, so a decision must be made about when to use it. For packets going around the LAN, it depends on how likely it is that someone will gain unauthorized access to the LAN, called hacking. It also depends on how much damage would be done if that happened. If the threat is severe, encryption can be done not only on the transmitted packets but also to information stored on the disk drive.

For information going over the Internet, encryption is much more important unless it’s all right for the whole world to see the information. If you send your credit card number to a vendor, you must trust that vendor to encrypt and safeguard the information.

Virus Software

A computer virus is a little program that makes copies of itself to send to other computers. It’s very similar in some ways to contagious germs spreading a disease from one person to the next. And like diseases, some of these computer viruses have some really nasty side effects, like wiping out important files in the operating system or filling up the hard drive with garbage data.

As we will discuss a little later, there are ways to keep these virus programs from getting to your computer, but they are not foolproof. A lot of viruses come in attached to e-mail, and then they will mail copies of themselves to everyone in your e-mail address folder. You can’t completely block them without blocking e-mail, and most of us like to get e-mail from our friends and coworkers.

The most important prevention for viruses is to have a good anti-virus program installed on your computer. Norton, McCaffey and Panda are probably the most popular. The next most important thing is to keep the anti-virus software up-to-date, because the delinquents who write virus software are always coming up with new tricks, and the anti-virus companies are just as quickly coming up with new versions to stop them.

Access Control

If you have ever had a computer that was connected to a local area network, you almost certainly had to type in a user name and password to get network access. It’s two forms of ID, just like when you cash a check at department store.

The network administrator used that identification information to determine what you could and couldn’t do on the network. And there may have been additional passwords to access the company’ customer database, employee payroll records, or files stored on someone else’s computer.

Here are a few tips about passwords:

First, if you share files on your computer, use password protection for them even if they are available to everyone in the network. That way they can’t be tampered with if a hacker breaks in.

In choosing a password, never use your name, your birthday or other obvious personal information. The best is a random combination of letters and numbers.

Commit the password to memory, and if you must write it down, hide it. A password written on a post-it note stuck to your monitor is probably worse than no password at all.

Don’t give your password to someone you don’t know personally just because they claim to be tech support, the phone company, the police or your long-lost Aunt Matilda. Refer them to the network administrator, or better yet, get their phone number and have the network administrator call them back.

Firewalls

In a building, a firewall is a wall to keep fire from spreading from one area to another. In a computer network, a firewall is a boundary that can block unwanted data packets. The firewall may be program running on the server or router, or it may be a separate piece of hardware or even a complete computer system just for that purpose. In any case, its purpose is to look at all of the packets coming through, and decide which ones can pass and which ones get blocked.

Ports – Several pages ago, we defined a port as the place in a hub that a cable plugs into. There is another completely different kind of thing called a port, and that is a location in a computer’s memory that is used by a device or application to send and receive data. Each application will have one (or more) of these locations for its own use.

For instance, there is a common e-mail program that has port # 110, which means that the program exchanges information with the rest of the system at memory location 110. The popular game called Doom uses port # 666.

When a packet is sent over a network, it will contain not only the destination address, but also the port number of the application that will use it at that destination. One of the ways a firewall controls the packets is by looking at the port number, and only passing packets with ports that are appropriate for the destination. If nobody should be playing Doom on the network’s computers, then it would make sense to block port 666.

Another way a firewall can control traffic is to look at the source of the packet. It can have a ‘prohibited’ list that keeps out packets from certain IP addresses, or it can have an ‘allowed’ list and block everyone who isn’t on it. Ports can be done the same way, with a ‘prohibited’ or ‘allowed’ list of ports.

Conclusion

There is much more to know about security, and about networks in general, if one is to be involved in managing them. The purpose of this paper is to present just enough information to enable you talk with network administrators and to understand their concerns when presenting network products to them. For additional training in this subject, we recommend the Micro2000 A+ and Network+ courses.

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Basic Network Info

Computer Networks

Table of Contents:

Introduction

Types of Networks

Ethernet

Header

Network Connections

Bus Network

Clients and Servers

Protocols

TCP/IP

IP Addresses

Static or Dynamic?

Computer Names

Security

Encryption

Virus Software

Access Control

Firewalls

Conclusion

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